TWAP (time-weighted average price)

A TWAP is an average price measured over a window of time rather than at a single instant. Because it is expensive to move, it resists flash-loan and single-block price manipulation, which is why on-chain automation uses it as a safety reference.

Super9MM’s keeper checks a pool’s TWAP before acting. If the spot price has diverged too far from the TWAP — a sign of manipulation or a thin-liquidity spike — guarded actions revert. This stops an attacker from tricking the automation into a bad rebalance or an early close.